Exosome therapy: A new remedy for wound healing

Mohammad  Abdollahi; Pouyan  Asadi; Ali  Abedi; Masoome  Naqdi Bibalan; Mir Mahmoud Mortazavi Roudmiane

doi:10.61882/ijbwr.2.1.62

Authors

Mohammad Abdollahi Physiology and Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil. Iran
Pouyan Asadi Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ali Abedi Physiology and Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Masoome Naqdi Bibalan Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mir Mahmoud Mortazavi Roudmiane Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-886X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61882/ijbwr.2.1.62

Keywords:

Wound healing, Extracellular vesicles, Exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

Abstract

Wound healing is one of the most discussed challenges in medical science today. To date, several therapeutic methods have been proposed to repair wounds that do not heal properly, the most recent of which is treatment using extracellular vesicles, specifically "exosomes." Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from a wide range of cells and, due to the cargo they contain, can modulate target tissues through mechanisms critical for wound healing and can be used as a wound treatment. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues hold promise for cell-free therapies to repair tissue damage. Extracellular vesicles play key roles in cell biology and may offer novel clinical diagnostics and therapies. They contribute to intercellular signaling and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The biogenesis of exosomes begins in the endosomal system. This varies depending on the origin of the extracellular vesicles, their physiological and pathological status, and even the exact site of cellular release. The clearance of exosomes from cells, tissues, and body fluids follows a different pattern. Advanced technologies in regenerative medicine have led researchers to use exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells with high regenerative capacity in diseases. Exosomal cargo plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment by controlling the disease process. This narrative review summarizes evidence from major international scientific databases regarding the therapeutic role of exosomes in wound healing. Various in vitro studies have shown the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in wound healing. This review critically evaluates current evidence on exosome-based therapies for wound healing and highlights their therapeutic potential, limitations, and future translational challenges.

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